Petroleum Geology

Editor / Author : R.E. Chapman
 
Publisher : Elsevier Science Ltd (December 1983)

ISBN : 978-0444421654

Number of Pages :  415
 
File Type : PDF

The fascination of petroleum geology lies both in its complexity and in its importance to society. There is still much that we do not understand; and there is much to learn if remaining undiscovered reserves of oil and gas are to be found economically. It is also good geology with a healthy practical component.

The great advances in geological thought and understanding in the 19th Century were based largely on the construction of coal mines, railways and canals. But this was almost two-dimensional geology of the land, bounded by the low-tide line. In the last 30 years or so, geology has moved offshore onto the continental shelves and ocean floors, largely under the stimulus of petroleum exploration, and with it has grown a great wealth of geological information.

In “Petroleum Geology: a Concise Study” (published by Elsevier in 1973, with the paperback edition in 1976) I attempted to focus on those elements of petroleum geology that seemed to be amenable to synthesis and to provide a broader understanding of some significant processes in petroleum geology. Since then, there has been an even more spectacular growth in the quality and quantity of geological information. We are still being buried under a mountain of empirical data.

This book is the child of the first. It was no longer possible, or even desirable, to follow the format of the first book, although I have no reason to wish to change the main conclusions in it. Once again, I have tried to present the subject in a way that will also interest the student who does not intend to follow a career in the petroleum industry. I hope also that, like its predecessor, this book will also interest those with some experience in the industry. My purpose here is to present a view of petroleum geology that may also contribute something to our understanding of wider aspects of geology. I have only paraphrased the works of others in essential outline. References to topics not considered here in detail are given at the end of each chapter, as are references to works that present a different view or interpretation. The reader is encouraged to delve into the literature because it is exciting.

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Fundamental of Well - log interpretation

Editor / Author : Oberto Serra
 
Publisher : Elsevier Science Ltd (May 1984)

ISBN : 978-0444421326

Number of Pages :  423
 
File Type : PDF

The relentless search for elusive hydrocarbon reserves demands that geologists and reservoir engineers bring into play more and more expertise, inventiveness and ingenuity. To obtain new data from the subsurface requires the continual refinement of equipment and techniques.

This book describes! the various well-logging equipment at the disposal of geologists and reservoir engineers today. It follows two volumes on carbonates, also published by Elf Aquitaine.

One can never over-emphasize the importance to the geological analysis of basins, and sedimentology in general, of the information which drilling a borehole makes available to us. But this data would be incomplete, even useless, if not complemented by certain new techniques-well-logging in particularwhich represent a tremendous source of information both about hydrocarbons and the fundamental geology of the rocks.

It required considerable enthusiasm and a determination to succeed on the part of the author to bring the present work to its culmination, while at the same time performing the daily duties of Manager of the Log Analysis Section of the Exploration Dept. at Elf Aquitaine.

Such qualities, indeed, earned Oberto Serra the first Marcel Roubault award on March 21st, 1974, in just recognition of “work concerned with methods and techniques, or with ideas and concepts, which have led to important progress in the exploration for, and development of, natural energy resources, the discovery of new reservoirs, or the accomplishment of major works”. The judges recognized in particular an invaluable liaison between the spirit of the naturalist, constantly tempered by reality, and the rigorous training of a physicist and informatician-bringing to the field of geological analysis all the facets of modern technology.

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Paraffin Products Properties Technologies Applications

Editor / Author : G. Mózes
 
Publisher : Elsevier Science Ltd (1982)

ISBN : 978-0080868684

Number of Pages :  335
 
File Type : PDF

On a world-wide basis, the share of petroleum waxes related to the total o petroleum products is tiny. In 1975, for example, only 1.5 million tons of paraffin waxes were produced from a total output of 2,700 million tons of crude oil, thus amounting to only 0.06%. Even if lower molecular weight paraffin products are included, the share - as compared to other petroleum products - remains insignificant.

When, however, the greatly varied direct applications of solid and liquid paraffins in industry, and their utilization as raw materials in the petrochemical industry are considered, their importance becomes immediately obvious. For this reason it appeared of interest to summarize - without claiming completeness - the basic facts and data on the manufacture, applications, physico-chemical and chemical properties of these products in a monograph suited to both research and to industrial audiences. Nomenclature is also discussed.

This English edition is a revised version of the Hungarian original. It includes the most recent information available to the authors on the topics covered.

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Enhanced Oil Recovery

Editor / Author : F. John Fayers
 
Publisher : Elsevier Science (September , 1981)

ISBN : 0-444-42033-9

Number of Pages :  596
 
File Type : PDF

This residential symposium is the third in the series of symposia which have been held on the subject of enhanced oil recovery ir, the United Kingdom; the other two being held a t Britannic House of BP in London in May 1977, and at Heriot-Watt University i n Edinburgh in July 1978.

Since 1977, when the first symposium was held i n London, the annual production and the number of fields in operation in the UK sector of the North Sea has roughly doubled and it is perhaps righttore - it erate the remarks of the Chairman of the organising committee of the first meeting. He said that , "There i s an urgent need to decide which enhanced oil recovery techniques are suitable for use in the North Sea. Once this decision is made, the select ed R&D goals should be vigorously pursued, leading, hopefully, to the development of specific tailor-made techniques effective in the individual fields in the North Sea area".

Although these remarks are still valid today, in the inter - vening period throughout Europe significant progress has been made. W e have seen an increase in the number of pilot f ield experiments undertaken by the oil industry, an increase i n the research work carriedout at universities , research institutes and oil company laboratories. A number of Government programmes have been initiated or expanded. Against th s background of an increased R&D activity , some significant , albeittentative , steps in the application of enhanced o i l recovery offshore have been taken.

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Fundamentals of Fractured Reservoir Engineering

Editor / Author : T.D.Van Golf-Racht
 
Publisher : Elsevier Science Ltd (April 1982)

ISBN : 978-0444420466

Number of Pages :  728
 
File Type : PDF

The history of fractured reservoirs is probably as long as the history of petroleum itself. During the Los Angeles Panel Discussion on Fractured Reservoirs (March 1952) Levorsen mentioned that the notion “fractured porosity” was introduced only two years after Drake’s discovery in 186 l by the geologist E.B. Andrews who wrote that if fractures are numerous along the anticline axis it represents the primary cause of an accumulation, and also that a law of proportionality was observed between the oil produced and the amount of fissures. But it was only in the early nineteen fifties, with the important discoveries in the Spraberry trend of West Texas and giant fields in the Middle East that an increasing interest for this type of fields started. In continuation in the late fifties, but especially in the last two decades, various concepts have been developed in various areas such as geology, reservoir description, flow toward the well, reservoir mechanisms, etc. But the studies and papers published in the literature presented single problems in a limited area and unrelated to a global concept of fractured reservoirs. Therefore, in order to integrate the existent published material and my personal views on natural fractured reservoirs, I have tried to write a self-contained book where the reader can find the necessary tools for the evaluation of fractures by processing the observed data, examining the flow behaviour towards a well and analysing reservoir behaviour during a field’s entire history, through its specific production mechanisms.

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Deconvolution of Geophysical Time Series in the Exploration for Oil and Natural Gas

Editor / Author : Manuel T. Silvia and Enders A. Robinson
 
Publisher : Elsevier Science (January 1, 1979)

ISBN : 978-0444416797

Number of Pages :  264
 
File Type : PDF

The closer you look at something, the more details you will see. This common experience is hardly better exemplified than by seismic exploration of the earth’s interior, in particular of its complicated near-surface structure. The seismic waves that leave a wave source, e.g. an explosion, experience lots of influences on their way to the receiver. At the same time as all such effects tend to complicate the records, they also convey the required information on the passed strata. But to disentangle all these various effects, we badly need methods which are capable not only of efficient earth-detective work, but which can also work at high speed -considering the large amount of data generally accumulated in seismic prospecting. The present book by two of the most capable earth detectives deals with these problems, and it is more exciting than any detective story. 

But this is not only a game for its own purpose. In order to run and to develop a modern community, in short, for its survival, mankind is nowadays hunting for energy more than ever. Oil and natural gas still constitute some of the most important energy sources. Therefore, we need skilled geophysicists, who are able to extract as much and as accurate information as possible from the records. This is especially important now when we have to explore new areas and can no longer be content with areas where “oil flows like water”. We have to search more intensively and to greater depths in the earth. Without efficient methods as developed in this book, there is hardly any chance for success in this hunting for energy.

The book has both theoretical and practical sides, and it can be equally recommended t o the university scientist who performs his geophysical work at his desk, in the laboratory or in the lecture room and to the practicing geophysicist who must know how to best perform his seismic prospecting and how to interpret the “text” that Earth writes for him. 

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Fundamentals of Reservoir Engineering

Editor / Author : L. P. Dake

Publisher : Elsevier Science (January 15, 1978)

ISBN : 978-0444416674

Number of Pages :  460
 
File Type : PDF




This teaching textbook in Hydrocarbon Reservoir Engineering is based on various lecture courses given by the author while employed in the Training Division of Shell Internationale Petroleum Maatschappij B.V. (SIPM), in the Hague, between 1974 and 1977.

The primary aim of the book is to present the basic physics of reservoir engineering, using the simplest and most straightforward of mathematical techniques. It is only through having a complete understanding of the physics that the engineer can hope to appreciate and solve complex reservoir engineering problems in a practical manner.

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Fundamentals of Numerical Reservoir Simulation

Editor / Author : Donald W. Peaceman

 

Publisher : Elsevier Science Ltd (August 1977)

ISBN : 978-0444415783

Number of Pages :  190

File Type : PDF

Over the past decade, the use of numerical reservoir simulation with highspeed electronic computers hasngained wide acceptance throughout the petroleum industry for making engineering studies of a wide variety of oiland gas reservoirs throughout the world. These reservoir simulators have been designed for use by reservoir engineers who may possess little or no background in the numerical mathematics upon which they are based. Yet in spite of our best efforts t o improve numerical methods so as to make reservoir simulators as reliable, efficient, and automatic as possible, the user of a simulator is constantly faced with a myriad of decisions that have nothing to do with the problem he really wants to solve. He must decide on various numerical questions not directly germane t o the problem at hand. For example, he may have a choice among several simulators that use different numerical methods. He may have to pick an iteration method. He definitely will have to choose the grid spacing as part of the reservoir description, and probably will also have to select the time step size. And perhaps the biggest bugaboo of all is the choice of iteration parameters.

It is this engineer-user that I have had in mind while writing this book, one who wants to learn how to deal more effectively with the numerical decisions mentioned above. I hope he also has some curiosity about the inner workings of the “black box” that is a reservoir simulator, and I have tried to satisfy that curiosity, as well as to prepare him t o read the literature, should he wish to study recent developments and future research in greater depth than I have been able t o provide here.

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Oil Shale

Editor / Author : By Teh Fu Yen, G.V. Chilingarian, T.F. Yen

 

Publisher : Elsevier Science Ltd (January 1976)

ISBN : 978-0444413987

Number of Pages :  292

File Type : PDF

In 1694 the British Crown issued Patent Number 330 to Martin Eele and his colleagues who reported to have found a way to extract and make great quantities of pitch, tar and oil out of a “sort of stone”. This is the first verified report of oil products derived from oil shale. In the March 1874 issue of Scientific Americun, there was a news item that during the construction of a railroad in the Green River region, workmen piled together a few pieces of excavated rock as protection from a dinner fire and soon observed the stone itself ignited. This marked the first discovery of oil shale in North America, the tri-state area of Colorado, Utah and Wyoming, which has one of the most abundant single deposits of organic-rich shale. By the 1920’s, the development of oil shale was considerable, especially in the United States. Actually, a journal was published entitled The Shale Review to establish communication between different areas of oil-shale technology. In the interim years, there were ups and downs for the actual development of oil shale for practical uses. Although a progress was made in several locations of the world in commercial utilization of oil shales, a full development of this industry was not achieved.

Up to this time, thousands of patents have been issued on the theme of retorting of oil shale. There is, however, very little basic knowledge of oilshale science and technology available, especially in a complete text and monograph form. Therefore, we undertook the responsibility of inviting a group of internationally known oil-shale experts to furnish background information on different aspects of oil-shale science and technology. The coverage ranges from origin, distribution, mineralogy, and chemistry to the exploration, engineering and environmental considerations of this important energy source, oil shale. The purpose of the present endeavor is to stimulate further growth of the maturing oil-shale industry. I t can be stated that without the fundamental knowledge of oil-shale science and technology, the technological growth will be retarded.

We take this opportunity to thank the contributors for their patience in developing this book. We also express our thanks to the publishers for their farsight and cooperation. 

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Geomorphology of oil and gas fields in sandstone bodies

Editor / Author : C. E. B. Conybeare

 

Publisher : Elsevier Science Ltd (January 1976)

ISBN : 978-0444413987

Number of Pages :  341

File Type : PDF

This book is essentially about stratigraphic traps for oil and gas. Many of the examples discussed are geomorphologic features having inherent closures without any secondary structural element; others are primarily geomorphologic features modified by folding or faulting t o produce local closures. The first category comprises traps that are purely stratigraphic, although the accumulation of hydrocarbons may have been assisted by regional or local tilting of the strata, or by deformation caused by compaction of the underlying sediments. The second category, which includes a much larger number of know examples, comprises structural-stratigraphic traps. Many of these traps have proved t o be elusive, particularly those of the first category which commonly defy detection by seismic methods. In some cases, discovery has been accidental, and further exploration t o delineate the accumulation has been empirical.

The purport of this book is to briefly present examples illustrating the main geological characteristics of geomorphologic features that have controlled or influenced the accumulation of oil and gas in particular fields, with a view to using such examples as models in the search for new fields in sandstone bodies. Many of the examples presented have been so well documented that they stand as classic examples of stratigraphic fields in which oil and gas accumulations are controlled by geomorphologic features. Others have yet t o be defined unequivocally, but are included as additional references to assist in the interpretation of geophysical and sub-surface geological data.

The author is indebted t o the many geologists who have written about the hydrocarbon accumulations and geological features described herein, without whose efforts it would not have been possible to compile this book. The purport of this book is to briefly present examples illustrating the main

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Abnormal Formation Pressures

Editor / Author : Walter H. Fertl

 

Publisher : Elsevier Science Ltd (June 1976)

ISBN : 978-0444413284

Number of Pages : 382

File Type : PDF




When Fertl's first book, Abnormal Formation Pressures, was published by Elsevier in 1976, the topic was relatively new in book form. In the years that followed, his book became the standard work for petroleum engineers and drillers. The list of major petroleum provinces with abnormally high pore pressures has grown steadily over the years, and with it has grown our knowledge and experience. There have also been technological advances. A new book was required, but no longer could the topic be covered adequately by one person. The problems of abnormally high formation pressures encountered in the subsurface while drilling for petroleum are very diverse, involving geologists, geophysicists, reservoir engineers, drilling engineers, and borehole logging engineers. The acute anticipation of such pressures before drilling has become possible with modern technology. This book treats these developments and covers the following topics: world occurrences, the geology of abnormal pore pressures and the background theory, reservoir engineering aspects of abnormally pressured reservoirs, detection of abnormal pressures by geophysical methods before drilling and during drilling, and their evaluation after drilling. It examines the special problems of shallow hazards from shallow abnormal pressures, and relief-well engineering to control blowouts. It also examines the generation of abnormal pressures from hydrocarbon generation in the Rocky Mountains, and the distribution of abnormal pressures in south Louisiana, USA. The topics are examined from a practical point of view with a theoretical background. There is a glossary of terms, and a relevant practical conversion table. Both SI units and the conventional US oil industry units are used.



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